ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of commercial soybean crops in an agricultural frontier region using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) methods, as well as identify sufficiency ranges. The study was performed by collecting leaf samples (third trifoliate leaf without petiole) at flowering from commercial soybean crops in the states of Piauí and Maranhão, Brazil, and evaluating the crop yield by analyzing macro- and micronutrients in the plant tissue of 98 samples. The DRIS and CND methods were applied based on the cataloged data, followed by the generation of norms, analysis of relationships between yield and nutrients (selecting high-yield crops by the cumulative function of the data), generation of sufficiency ranges, and comparison of methods. The relationships obtained by the DRIS and CND indices with the yield and nutrients were significant, indicating that both methods can be employed for the evaluation of leaf nutrients in soybean. The sufficiency ranges from the DRIS and CND methods presented superior nutrient ranges in relation to the values proposed in the literature for macronutrients, except for nitrogen, and greater range amplitudes for micronutrients.

ABSTRACT Agrosilvopastoral systems have been used as sustainable production models that can promote soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, there are no simulation studies with the Century model to estimate the SOC accumulation capacity in the long term, analyzing the effects of management and climate change in integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems. This study aimed to simulate soil C dynamics in two chronosequences of land-use composed of native vegetation (NV), degraded pasture (DPA) and ICLF system in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, in addition to designing future scenarios to verify the potential of SOC accumulation through climate change. The results showed that the Century model reliably simulated the SOC stocks in the two chronosequences evaluated. The model predicted an increase in SOC stocks at two sites by converting the DPA system (46.04 and 42.38 Mg ha-1) into ICLF systems (54.94 and 51.71 Mg ha-1). The Century also predicted that a 20 mm decrease in rainfall and a 2 °C increase in temperature in the tropical regions studied could reduce the SOC stocks more expressively in degraded pastures, while agroforestry systems could show a smaller reduction in SOC stocks. In addition, the results showed that replacing degraded pastures into agrosilvopastoral systems, especially in clayey soils, contributes to increasing SOC stocks. Thus, agroforestry systems are potentially viable to maintain the sustainability of agriculture in the face of climate change.

Resumen Antecedentes: El síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich es un error innato de la inmunidad, distinguido por trombocitopenia, plaquetas pequeñas, eccema severo, infecciones recurrentes, y susceptibilidad a enfermedades autoinmunes y neoplasias. El diagnóstico es difícil de establecer, especialmente cuando las plaquetas son de tamaño normal. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 3 años, enviado al Hospital Universitario da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brasil, por otitis media aguda, con evolución a sepsis por Haemophilus influenzae. Al mes de edad fue diagnosticado con trombocitopenia autoinmune, y a los 2 años se llevó a cabo explenectomía. Durante el seguimiento requirió tres hospitalizaciones: una por infección por Streptococcus pneumoniae, que evolucionó a sepsis; otra por exacerbación de eccema, aislándose S. epidermidis, y la última por fiebre de origen indeterminado. Las pruebas de laboratorio informaron: concentración de plaquetas dentro de los valores de referencia después de la esplenectomía, y de tamaño normal. A los 4 años se efectuaron nuevas pruebas, que reportaron: IgE 3128 kU/L; IgA, IgG y anticuerpo anti-polisacáridos normales; disminución de IgM y de CD19, TCD4, T y B vírgenes; aumento de TCD8; NK normales. Se sospechó el diagnóstico de síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich. Mediante estudios de genética se identificó la mutación c.295C>T en el gen WAS. Conclusiones: El caso aquí expuesto expresó una nueva mutación en el gen SWA, caracterizado por manifestaciones clínicas de fenotipo leve del síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich, con trombocitopenia, plaquetas de tamaño normal y herencia ligada al cromosoma X. Es importante establecer el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos para ofrecer una mejor calidad de vida en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an Inborn Error of Immunity characterized by thrombocytopenia, small platelets, severe eczema, recurrent infections, tendency to autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. The diagnosis of the syndrome can be difficult, especially when platelets are of normal size. Case report: A three-year-old male patient was referred to a specialized sector of university hospital for presenting acute otitis media that progressed to sepsis by Haemophilus influenzae. At one month of age, he had been diagnosed with autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and splenectomy was performed at two years of age. During follow-up, three hospitalizations were necessary: an infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which progressed to sepsis; one due to exacerbation of eczema, isolating S. epidermidis; another due to fever of undetermined origin. The tests showed normal number of platelets after splenectomy, platelets always with normal size. At age four, tests were performed: IgE 3128 Ku/L; IgA, IgG, and normal anti-polysaccharide antibodies; decreased IgM; decrease CD19, TCD4, naïve T and B; increased TCD8; normal NK. A diagnostic hypothesis of “probable” WAS was made. Genetic research has identified the c.295C>T mutation in the WAS gene. Conclusions: The case reported expressed a new mutation in the SWA gene, characterized by clinical manifestations of the mild phenotype of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, with thrombocytopenia, platelets of normal size, and X-linked inheritance. It is important to establish the early diagnosis and treatment to offer a better quality of life in these patients.

RESUMO Os solos leves possuem maior suscetibilidade ao processo de degradação e necessitam ser explorados de forma conservacionista, evitando assim sua rápida degradação. Objetivou-se com o estudo avaliar as propriedades físico-hídricas de um Argissolo sob plantio direto e integração lavoura-pecuária no Cerrado da região leste do estado do Maranhão. Os manejos avaliados foram uma área sob sistema de plantio direto há quatorze anos (soja/milheto) e três áreas com diferentes históricos de adoção do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) sob plantio direto (soja/milheto), sendo a diferença os tempos de entrada com ILP (2, 4 e 8 anos), além de uma área de cerrado nativo, considerado testemunha. A coleta do solo foi realizada em junho de 2018 nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,30; 0,30-0,50 m. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas e indeformadas, para determinação das variáveis: densidade do solo, porosidade, resistência à penetração, curva de retenção e capacidade de água disponível. Os dados foram submetidos ao cálculo das médias e de intervalo de confiança (95 %). A área com histórico recente de integração lavoura-pecuária apresentou melhor densidade, porosidade, resistência a penetração e capacidade de armazenamento e água disponível. O plantio direto há quatorze anos apresenta alta resistência a penetração, menor porosidade e baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água. O sistema integrado (ILP) melhora a qualidade das propriedades físico - hídricas, sendo o sistema com maior capacidade de água disponível para as plantas.

ABSTRACT Light soils are more susceptible to degradation and need to be exploited in a conservational manner, thus avoiding rapid degradation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-hydraulic properties of an Ultisol under no-tillage and crop-livestock integration in the Cerrado of eastern Maranhão state, Brazil. The evaluated managements were one area under no-tillage system for fourteen years (soybean/ millet) and three areas with different histories of adoption of the crop-livestock integration (CLI) system under no-tillage (soybean/millet), with the difference being: times of entry with CLI (2, 4 and 8 years), as well as a native Cerrado area, considered a control. Soil collection was carried out in June 2018 at depths of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.50 m. Disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected to determine the following variables: bulk density, porosity, resistance to penetration, retention curve and available water capacity. Data were subjected to the calculation of means and confidence intervals (95%). The area with a recent history of crop-livestock integration showed better density, porosity, resistance to penetration, water storage capacity and available water. No-tillage for fourteen years leads to high resistance to penetration, less porosity and low water storage capacity. The integrated system (CLI) improves the quality of the physical- hydraulic properties and the values found are similar to those observed in an area under native vegetation.

Abstract Studies of risk perception and risk communication concerning the nuclear area are quite common in scientific literature. However, though numerous studies on this topic point to the importance of scientific and technological knowledge in facilitating the reduction of perceived risks, there are few papers that effectively discuss the role of education in risk communication on the subject, particularly in Brazil. The objective of the present work was to reflect on this problem by analyzing the results obtained from two case studies on the implementation of the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor, in the city of Iperó, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. As was verified in the investigation, most participants of the study had high perception of risk with respect to the implementation of the reactor. Nevertheless, although important in the project of the reactor implementation, it was verified that the state, municipal and community schools of the city of Iperó had not participated, in the public hearings nor had they discussed the issue inside the school community, until the moment of the research.

RESUMO: Os sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária possuem potencial de incrementar a matéria orgânica, com reflexos nas concentrações de carbono e de nitrogênio no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e seus compartimentos em um Argissolo Amarelo Distrocoeso típico sob plantio direto e integração lavoura-pecuária no Leste maranhense. Os manejos avaliados foram: sistema de plantio direto em sucessão há 14 anos (soja/milheto), três áreas com diferentes históricos de sucessão com a adoção do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), sendo dois, quatro e oito anos, além de uma área de Cerrado nativo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,30; 0,30-0,50 metros para análise de teores e estoques totais de carbono (C) e de seus compartimentos (físico e químico), nitrogênio (N) e da biomassa microbiana do solo e respiração basal. Os resultados revelam maior teor e estoque de C e N nas áreas com ILP. A substância húmica predominante foi a humina e maiores concentrações do carbono associado a minerais estiveram presentes na área sob ILP mais recente (dois e quatro anos). A adoção da ILP, mesmo que recente, proporciona incrementos imediatos nas concentrações de C e suas frações em função do emprego de forrageiras. O plantio direto há 14anos e ILP há oito anos são sistemas com maior índice de manejo do C, como, também, apresentam maior atividade biológica do solo, devido à maiores estabilidade destes sistemas.

ABSTRACT: Integrated agricultural production systems have the potential to increase organic matter content, which is reflected in the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. Here, we evaluated the C and N stocks and its compartments in a typical distro cohesive yellow Ultisol under the no-till (NT) and crop-livestock integration (CLI) systems, in eastern Maranhão. Five areas with different management strategies were evaluated, more specifically, one area was managed under the NT system in succession for 14 years (soybean/millet), three areas had different CLI system adoption histories (i.e., CLI was adopted 2, 4, or 8 years prior to sample collection); and finally, one area consisted of native Cerrado (savannah) vegetation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.50 m,to analyze the content and total stocks of carbon (C) and its compartments (physical and chemical), N content, soil microbial biomass, and basal respiration. Results revealed higher content and stock of C and N in areas with CLI. The principal humic substance reported was humin, and higher concentrations of C associated with minerals were present in areas under more recent CLI adoption (2 and 4 years). We demonstrated that the adoption of CLI, even if recent, leads to immediate increases in the concentrations of C and its fractions as a result of using forage crops. NT for 14 years and CLI for 8 years exhibited higher levels of C management and higher soil biological activity due to the greater stability of these systems.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação no carbono orgânico total e particulado, relação de estratificação de C, e índice de sensibilidade dessas frações da MOS sob resíduos orgânicos em aléias em um sistema agroflorestal, com e sem uso do fogo na Caatinga. Por meio de experimento em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, onde nas parcelas foi avaliado o fator fogo, e nas subparcelas foi avaliado o fator resíduos orgânicos nas aléias, com as variações de gliricídia isolada, gliricídia com bagana de carnaúba, gliricídia com biocomposto e gliricídia, bagana de carnaúba e biocomposto, sob três profundidades. Nas aléias com uso combinado dos resíduos da bagana de carnaúba, gliricídia e biocomposto houve maior conservação tanto do conteúdo de C orgânico particulado quanto do C associado aos minerais. Assim, o manejo agroflorestal em aléias utilizando a combinação dos três resíduos foi eficiente na conservação de uma matéria orgânica lábil e mais estável. Verificou-se também que o carbono orgânico particulado em todas as aléias foi mais sensível às modificações realizadas no manejo do solo em relação ao conteúdo total da MOS, no qual observou-se maiores índices de sensibilidade dessa fração.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the variation in total and particulate organic carbon contents, carbon vertical stratification, and sensitivity index of organic matter fractions in soils with organic residues arranged in alleys in an agroforestry system, with and without use of fire, in the Caatinga biome, in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot arrangement with four replications, with the factor fire in the plots, and the factor organic residues in the subplots. The organic residues used consisted of Gliricidia sepium plants; G. sepium plants and carnauba processing residue; G. sepium plants and bio-compost; and G. sepium plants, carnauba processing residue, and bio-compost, which were evaluated in three soil layers. The alleys with carnauba processing residue, G. sepium plants, and bio-compost presented a better maintenance of particulate, and mineral-associated organic carbon contents. Thus, the agroforestry management in alleys using these three residues was efficient for the maintenance of labile and recalcitrant organic matter compartments. Particulate organic carbon was more sensitive to changes in soil management than total organic matter content, in all alleys, presenting higher sensitivity indexes.

RESUMO O uso de adubos orgânicos pode incrementar a produção de espécies florestais, as quais podem ser usadas para extração de madeira em monocultivos ou em sistemas integrados. Objetivou-se neste estudo, avaliar a aplicação de doses de esterco de ovino na implantação de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) em sistema silviagrícola, de uma área anteriormente ocupada por pastagem degradada em um Albaquult (Planossolo Háplico). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e os tratamentos corresponderam às seguintes doses: 0, 2; 4; 8 e 12 kg de esterco de ovino por planta no primeiro ano, cujas quantidades empregadas foram reaplicadas em dobro (0, 4, 8, 16 e 32 kg por planta) no ano seguinte na projeção da copa. As variáveis avaliadas corresponderam aos atributos biométricos: altura (ALT); diâmetro do colmo ou coleto (DC) e diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP); massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA); acúmulo de nutrientes (parte aérea); e fertilidade do solo. As plantas de sabiá foram responsivas à adubação orgânica com incrementos nas variáveis ALT, DAP e MSPA. O esterco de ovino aumentou os valores médios na camada de 0-0,20 m para pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC, V, S-SO4 2- e Zn; com diminuição da acidez potencial. Para a variável matéria orgânica o incremento ocorreu até à dose de 13,70 kg por planta. O acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes, em plantas de sabiá foi N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S e Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DBH, and AGDW. The sheep manure increased the mean values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, BS, S-SO4 2- and Zn, and reduced the potential acidity in the 0-0.20 m soil layer. The organic matter variable increased up to the dose of 13.70 kg per plant. The accumulation rates of macro and micronutrients in the ‘sabiá’ plants were N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S and Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu, respectively.

ABSTRACT The implementation of integrated agricultural production systems is considered a promising strategy for sustainable agricultural intensification in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different monoculture and integrated production systems on the microbiological attributes and organic carbon of soil from the Cerrado region in Piauí, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from the 0.0-0.10-m layer in the following systems: no-tillage (PD), pasture (PAS), exclusive eucalyptus cultivation (CEE), integrated livestock-forest system (IPF) and a native Cerrado (CN) area, which was used as reference. Total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (NT) contents, microbial biomass carbon (CMIC), microbial respiration (MR), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), as well as the activities of the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA), acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and urease enzymes were evaluated. High TOC contents were found in the CEE, IPF and PAS systems, and high CMIC and qMIC values were found in the CN and CEE systems. The variables MR, qCO2 and enzymatic activity varied as a function of the management systems. The IPF and CEE systems caused improvements in the soil attributes, with increases in organic carbon and microbial biomass. The IPF integrated production system promoted improvements in the microbiological indicators of soil quality and was considered an environmentally sustainable agricultural production system. The transition from CN to agricultural areas caused changes in the soil microbiological indicators, which were perceived several years after anthropogenic intervention, indicating that even with the adoption of conservation systems, it was not possible to reestablish the soil microbial biomass.

Resumo: A partir da percepção de que a sociedade do século XXI vem enfrentando muitos problemas socioambientais e que, considerando esse contexto, a educação ambiental (EA) torna-se uma prática essencial, esta pesquisa buscou entender a relação que a população de escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Diadema, região metropolitana de São Paulo, estabelece com o conhecimento no que tange ao meio ambiente e à EA, por meio de ações e projetos desenvolvidos nesses espaços. Esta pesquisa, de abordagem mista, utilizou análise documental e aplicação de questionário, a fim de identificar as características de EA presentes nos projetos e ações das escolas, de forma a inferir sobre seus efeitos no entendimento das questões socioambientais constantes em nossa sociedade. A partir dos resultados, foi possível refletir sobre caminhos que auxiliem futuras práticas nessas instituições.

Abstract: Based on the perception that the 21st century society has been facing many socio-environmental problems and that, considering this context, Environmental Education (EE) becomes an essential practice, this research sought to explain the relation that the population of municipal schools in the public network of the city of Diadema, in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, establishes with the knowledge regarding the environment and EE, through actions and projects developed in these spaces. This research, of a mixed approach, used documentary analysis and the application of a questionnaire in order to identify the characteristics of EE present in the school projects and actions, in order to infer the effects such characteristics on the understanding of the socio-environmental issues present in our society. From the results, it was possible to reflect on ways that will help future practices in these institutions.

OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer (BC) patients, the frequency of germline BRCA mutations (gBRCA) may vary according to the ethnic background, age, and family history of cancer. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) is the second most common somatic mutated gene in BC; however, the association of mutations in both genes with cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, our aims were to investigate gBRCA mutation frequency in a cohort of postmenopausal Brazilian BC patients and the association of gBRCA1/BRCA2 and PIK3CA somatic mutations. METHODS: Forty-nine postmenopausal (>55 years) and forty-one young (≤35 years) BC patients were included in this study. The postmenopausal group included patients who reported a positive family history of cancer. For these patients, gBRCA1/BRCA2 were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) or Sanger sequencing. Data for gBRCA in young patients were already available from a previous study. DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors was obtained from 27 postmenopausal and 41 young patients for analyzing exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA. The association between gBRCA1/BRCA2 and somatic mutations in PIK3CA was investigated. RESULTS: The overall frequency of gBRCA1/BRCA2 among the 49 postmenopausal patients was 10.2%. The frequencies of somatic mutations in PIK3CA in the postmenopausal and young patients were 37% and 17%, respectively (ns). The most common PIK3CA mutation was found to be E454A. Nonsense and frameshift mutations, which may counteract the oncogenic potential of PIK3CA were also detected. Regardless of age, 25% of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carriers , each, had PIK3CA somatic mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained indicate that BRCA1/BRCA2 gene testing may be considered for postmenopausal patients with BC who have a family history of cancer. Although some of them are not considered pathogenic, somatic variants of PIK3CA are frequently observed in BC patients, especially in postmenopausal patients.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los atributos microbiológicos de un Plintosol cultivado con caña de azúcar y residuos de cosecha. El experimento se instaló en União (04°51’09”S y 42°53’10’’ W, altitud 52 m), región norte del estado de Piauí, Brasil. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, y tratamientos correspondientes a diferentes cantidades de residuos (0, 4.19, 9.54, 13.04 y 18.38 Mg.ha-1). Los atributos microbiológicos se determinaron a una profundidad de 0-10 cm. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de varianza, análisis de conglomerados y componentes principales. El incremento en los residuos de cosecha en el suelo influyó en el contenido de C, Cmic, Nmic, respiración y cocientes microbianos y metabólicos. El análisis de conglomerados combinó los tratamientos en tres grupos distintos. El tratamiento con 9.54 Mg.ha-1 de residuos fue diferente a los otros tratamientos, estando fuertemente correlacionado con el cociente microbiano. El grupo formado por los tratamientos 13.04 y 18.38 Mg.ha-1 de residuos se correlacionó con la mayoría de los atributos evaluados, siendo las mejores proporciones para ser utilizadas para mejorar la calidad del suelo.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological attributes of a Plinthossol cropped with sugar cane in straw. The experiment was installed in União (04 ° 51’09”S and 42 ° 53’10 ‘’ W, altitude 52 m), northern region of Piauí state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, and treatments corresponding to different rates of straw (Mg.ha-1) (0, 4.19, 9.54, 13.04 and 18.38). Microbiological attributes were determined at a depth of 0-10 cm. Data was submitted to analysis of variance, cluster analysis and main components. An increase of straw in the soil influenced the stocks and contents of C, Cmic, Nmic, respiration and microbial and metabolic quotients. Cluster analysis combined the treatments into three distinct groups. 9.54 Mg.ha-1 of straw treatment was isolated from other treatments, being strongly correlated to the microbial quotient. The group formed by the treatments 13.04 and 18.38 Mg. ha-1 of straw correlated with most of the evaluated attributes, being the best proportions to be used to improve soil quality.

RESUMO A avaliação de fertilizantes é premissa importante, dada à necessidade de conhecer novas fontes alternativas para aumentar a eficiência do uso de nutrientes, principalmente fósforo. Objetivou-se com o presente ensaio avaliar o crescimento da cultura do milheto cultivado em solo arenoso com doses e fontes de fósforo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em Sobral, CE, em solo com baixa concentração de fósforo no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com duas fontes (fosfatomonoamônico - MAP e fertilizante organomineral elaborado com MAP e composto orgânico de resíduos da produção de pequenos ruminantes - FOM) e quatro doses de P2O5 (35, 70, 140 e 210 kg ha-1), além de tratamento adicional sem adubação fosfatada, com três repetições, conduzido no segundo semestre de 2015. As variáveis mensuradas foram produção de massa seca, acúmulo de fósforo na planta, eficiência agronômica, fisiológica e de recuperação. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois cortes nas plantas de milheto (65 e 110 dias após germinação). Com os dados realizou-se análise de variância seguida do teste de t para as fontes e análise de regressão para as doses, além de teste de Dunnet para comparar a adubação fosfatada com a testemunha. No primeiro corte, constata-se que mesmo em doses baixas de P2O5(35 kg ha-1 de P2O5), a biomassa aumenta em relação à testemunha. O incremento das doses de fósforo aumentou o acúmulo deste nutriente em plantas de milheto. Quando analisa-se o acumulado dos dois cortes de milheto, o fertilizante organomineral proporcionou maior conteúdo do nutriente em relação ao fosfato monoamônico a partir de 127 kg ha-1 de P2O5.

ABSTRACT Evaluation of fertilizers is an important premise, given the need for knowing new alternative sources to increase the efficiency in the use of nutrients, especially phosphorus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of millet cultivated in sandy soil under phosphorus doses and sources. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in Sobral, CE, in soil with low phosphorus concentration in the randomized block experimental design, with two sources (monoammonium phosphate - MAP and organomineral fertilizer prepared with MAP and organic compost of waste from small ruminant production - OMF) and four doses of P2O5 (35, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha-1), plus an additional treatment without phosphate fertilization, with three replicates, conducted in the second half of 2015. The variables measured were dry mass production, phosphorus accumulation in the plant and agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiencies. Evaluations were carried out in two cuts in millet plants(65 and 110 days after germination). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by t-test for the sources and regression analysis for the doses, in addition to the Dunnett’s test to compare the phosphate fertilization with the control. In the first cut, it was observed that even at low doses of P2O5 (35 kg ha-1of P2O5), the biomass increases compared to the control. Increment in phosphorus doses increased the accumulation of this nutrient in millet plants. Considering the total accumulated in the two cuts of millet, the organomineral fertilizer promoted higher nutrient content compared to monoammonium phosphate from 127 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

ABSTRACT Establishing sufficiency ranges and critical levels of nutrients are important for a correct evaluation of plant nutrition through leaf diagnosis. This study aimed to propose critical levels and sufficiency ranges of macro and micronutrients based on leaf diagnosis of soybean plants. The database used was generated from 86 samples of the third trifoliate leaf without petiole, collected during the flowering stage from soybean plants of the main cultivars used in the states of Piauí and Maranhão, Northeast region of Brazil. The results of macro and micronutrients and grain yield were used to calculate the critical level by the reduced normal distribution and boundary line methods, the latter was also used to generate the sufficiency ranges. Nutrient levels for 90 % maximum grain yield were considered for the critical level by the reduced normal distribution, and nutrient levels at the upper line of a dispersion diagram were considered for the boundary line method, using the relation between grain yield and nutrient concentration to generate sufficiency ranges for 95 and 99 % maximum grain yields. The critical levels generated by the boundary line method presented a larger number of deficient samples than the reduced normal distribution method, except for boron. The sufficiency ranges generated by the boundary line with 95 % of the maximum grain yield could not diagnose nutrient deficiency, except for copper. The critical levels by the reduced normal distribution and boundary line methods for leaf diagnosis of soybean were 40.2 and 42.1 g kg-1, 3.2 and 3.4 g kg-1, 17.6 and 19.5 g kg-1, 8.7 and 10.3 g kg-1, 4.7 and 4.9 g kg-1, 2.1 and 2.4 g kg-1, 44 and 44 mg kg-1, 5 and 12 mg kg-1, 125 and 145 mg kg-1, 33 and 34 mg kg-1, and 48 and 63 mg kg-1 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, respectively. The critical levels by boundary line showed better distribution for leaf diagnosis for excess, deficiency, and adequate nutrient levels. The sufficiency ranges by the boundary line method for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were 38.6-45.7 g kg-1, 3.1-3.7 g kg-1, 18.3-20.7 g kg-1, 9.4-11.3 g kg-1, 4.4-5.3 g kg-1, 2.1-2.7 g kg-1, 35-53 mg kg-1, 10-14 mg kg-1, 131-159 mg kg-1, 23-46 mg kg-1, and 58-68 mg kg-1, respectively. The reduced normal distribution and boundary line methods allowed the generation of critical levels and sufficiency ranges for leaf diagnosis of soybean. The sufficiency range generated by the boundary line with 95 % maximum grain yield showed no prevalence of diagnosis of nutrient deficiency, except for copper.